-
1 βία
-ας + ἡ N 1 3-0-7-4-16=30 Ex 1,13.14; 14,25; Is 17,13force, violence Ex 1,13; act of violence Neh 5,15; βίᾳ forcibly Is 30,30βίαν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔφαγον they ate nothing extorted from them Neh 5,14*Ez 44,18 βίᾳ forcefully corr. βιζα (LXX-Gött.) = MT ביזע with anything that causes sweat; *Is 63,1 βίᾳ μετὰ ἰσχύος violently with strength-ִרב/ב by strife, by force for MT רֹב/ב in the greatness (of his strength);*Hab 3,6 βίᾳ violently, with violence-עז? for MT עד eternalCf. HARL 1991, 250; LE BOULLUEC 1989 77-78(Ex 1,14); OTTLEY 1906 374(Is 63,1) -
2 βιάζω
A constrain, [voice] Act. once in Hom.,ἦ μάλα δή με βιάζετε Od.12.297
;ἐβίασε τὴν γυναῖκά μου Alc.Com.29
: abs., εἰ πάνυ ἐβίαζον if they used force, Hp.Epid.2.24; cf. infr.1.2:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.βιασθήσομαι Paus. 6.5.9
: [tense] aor. ἐβιάσθην, [tense] pf. βεβίασμαι (v. infr.):— to be hard pressed or overpowered,βελέεσσι βιάζεται Il.11.589
; βιάζετο γὰρ βελ. 15.727;βιασθέντες λύᾳ Pi.N.9.14
;νόσῳ Ar.Fr.20
(= Trag.Adesp.70); to be forced or constrained to do, c. inf., Id.Th.890: c. acc. cogn.,βιάζομαι τάδε S.Ant.66
, cf. 1073; ;ἐπεὶ ἐβιάσθη Th.4.44
;ὑπό τινος Id.1.2
; opp. ἀδικεῖσθαι, ib.77;βιασθεὶς ἄκων ἔπραξεν D.6.16
;ἵνα ἢ συγχωρήσωσιν.. ἢ βιασθῶσιν Id.18.175
; ; βεβιασμένοι forcibly made slaves, X.Hier.2.12; πόλεις βεβ. Id.HG5.2.23: ; τὸ βιασθέν those who are forced, Arist.Pol. 1255a11; of things, τοὔνειδος ὀργῇ βιασθέν forced from one by anger, S.OT 524; τὸ βεβιασμένον forced to fit a hypothesis, Arist.Metaph. 1082b2; βεβ. σχήματα forced figures of speech, D.H.Th.33, cf. Porph.Antr. 36.2 [voice] Act., make good, suffice to discharge a debt, PFlor.56.13.II more freq. βιάζομαι, [tense] aor. [voice] Med. ἐβιασάμην, [tense] pf.βεβίασμαι D.19.206
, Men.Sam.63, D.C.46.45:—overpower by force, press hard,ἦ μάλα δή σε βιάζεται ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς Il.22.229
, etc.; β. τοὺς πολεμίους dislodge them, X.An.1.4.5; β. νόμους to do them violence, Th. 8.53; βιασάμενος ταῦτα πάντα having broken through all these restraints, Lys.6.52; β. γυναῖκα force her, Ar.Pl. 1092; opp. πείθειν, Lys.1.32; β. αὑτόν lay violent hands on oneself, Pl.Phd. 61c, 61d; β. τινά, c. inf., force one to do, X.An.1.3.1; τί με βιάζεσθε λέγειν; Arist. Fr.44: with inf. omitted, β. τὰ σφάγια force the victims [ to be favourable], Hdt.9.41;β. ἄστρα Theoc.22.9
: c. dupl. acc.,αὐδῶ πόλιν σε μὴ β. τόδε A.Th. 1047
.2 c. acc. rei, carry by force, βιάσασθαι τὸν ἔκπλουν force an exit, Th.7.72;τὴν ἀπόβασιν Id.4.11
: c. acc. neut., And.4.17, X.HG5.3.12.3 abs., act with violence, use force, A.Pr. 1010, Ag. 1509 (lyr.), S.Aj. 1160, etc.;πρὸς τὸ λαμπρὸν ὁ φθόνος βιάζεται Trag.Adesp.547.12
; opp. δικάζομαι, Th.1.77; β. διὰ φυλάκων force one's way, Id.7.83; β. ἐς τὸ ἔξω, β. εἴσω, ib.69, X.Cyr.3.3.69;δρόμῳ β. Th.1.63
: c. inf.,β. πρὸς τὸν λόφον ἐλθεῖν Id.7.79
; βιαζόμενοι βλάπτειν using every effort to hurt me, Lys.9.16; but βιαζόμενοιμὴ ἀποδιδόναι refusing with violence to repay, X.HG5.3.12: esp. in part., ἵνα βιασάμενοι ἐκπλεύσωσι may sail out by forcing their way, Th.7.67;συνεξέρχονται βιασάμενοι X.An.7.8.11
; ἐπὶ μᾶλλον ἔτι β. (of a famine) grow worse and worse, Hdt.1.94.4 contend or argue vehemently, c. inf., Pl.Sph. 246b; β. τὸ μὴ ὂν ὡς ἔστι κατά τι ib. 241d: abs., persist in assertion, D.21.205. -
3 ὑπό
ὑπό [pron. full] [ῠ], Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: [dialect] Aeol. [full] ὐπά Alc.39; [dialect] Boeot. [full] ὑπάAἈρχ.Δελτ. 14
Pl. ii 19 (Thespiae, iii B.C.); [dialect] Ion. ηυπύ only in IG 14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); Arc. [full] ὁπύ Schwyzer 664.15,21 (Orchom.Arc., iv B.C.); in [dialect] Ep. [full] ὑπαί (also B. 12.139): this is found in Hom. only six times as a well-attested reading (ὑ. πόδα Il.2.824
,ὑ. δέ 3.217
, 11.417, 12.149,ὑ. δείους 10.376
, 15.4); elsewh. (before λ ν ρ ϝ ) it is weakly attested as v. l. for ὑπὸ ([etym.] ?ὑπόX ¯ ), e.g. ποσσὶ δ' ὑπὸ (v.l. ὑπαὶ)λιπαροῖσι Il.2.44
, al.; but ὑπαὶ νεφέων is given by most codd. in Il.15.625, 16.375 (v. Allen ed. maj.), andὑπαὶ νεφέεσσι Anon.
ap. Plu.2.38e; also in compds.,ὑπαιδείδοικα h.Merc. 165
, ὑπαιφοινίσσω (q. v.); it is not freq. in Trag. Poets, A.Ag. 892, 944, 1164 (lyr.), Eu. 417, S.El. 711, 1418 (lyr.), Inach. in PTeb. 692 ii5 (lyr.), E.El. 1188 (lyr.), Ar. Ach. 970 (paratrag.). (With ὑπό ([etym.] ὕπο) cf. Skt. úpa 'towards, near to, etc.', Goth. uf 'under'.)A WITH GENITIVE,I of Place, with Verbs of motion, from under, αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑ. ζόφου they will rise again from under the gloom, Il.21.56;ὑ. χθονὸς ἧκε φόωσδε Hes.Th. 669
;ῥέει κρήνη ὑ. σπείους Od.9.141
, cf. Pl.Phdr. 230b;ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑ. βλεφάρων ἐξεφάανθεν Il.19.17
; ἐσιδόντες ὑπαὶ χειμῶνος αἴγλαν from under the storm-cloud, B.12.139; esp. of rescuing from under another's power, after the Verbs ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, ῥύεσθαι, ἐρύειν, Il.9.248, 13.198, 17.224, 235;ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδ' ἀνδροκτασίης ὕ. λυγρῆς
from the consequences of,23.86
; also ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑ. ζυγοῦ from under the yoke, 8.543, Od.4.39; ὑπ' ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην I loosed myself from under the ram, 9.463; σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος μόλεν, i.e. was born, Pi.N.1.35, cf. O.6.43; rarely in Trag.,ὑ. πτερῶν σπάσας E.Andr. 441
;περᾷ γὰρ ἥδ' ὑ. σκηνῆς πόδα Id.Hec.53
; once in Hdt.,τὰς δέ οἱ ἵππους ὑ. τοῦ ἅρματος νεμομένας ἀφανισθῆναι 4.8
;αἴ τις ὑ. τῶν νομίων τῶν ἐπιϝοικων ἀνχωρέῃ SIG47.27
(Locris, v B.C.); cf. ὑπέκ.2 of the object under which a thing is or is placed, under, beneath, with collat. sense of motion, as μοχλὸν ὑ. σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆς thrust it in under the embers, Od. 9.375;ὑ. στέρνοιο τυχήσας Il.4.106
;τοὺς μὲν ὑ. χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης πέμψαν Hes.Th. 717
: also without the sense of motion,ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο Il.3.372
;βάθιστον ὑ. χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον 8.14
;ἐτέθαπτο ὑ. χθονός Od.11.52
;κεκευθὼς πολεμίας ὑ. χθονός A.Th. 588
;ὑπ' ἀγκῶνος βέλη Pi.O.2.83
;νέρθεν ὑπ' ἐγκεφάλοιο Il.16.347
;τὰ ὑ. γῆς δικαιωτήρια Pl.Phdr. 249a
;δεξιὰν ὑφ' εἵματος κρύπτειν E.Hec. 342
; φέρειν ζώνης ὕπο ib. 762: Thom.Mag.p.375 R. says that ὑ. = under takes gen. in [dialect] Att., acc. in 'Hellenic' Greek; κατακρύψας ὑ. κόπρου, which is v.l. in Od.9.329 for ὑ. κόπρῳ, is called by Eust.1631.36 Ἀττικώτερον, ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ φέρειν τι ὑ. κόλπου ἢ ὑ. μάλης (v. κόλπος, μάλη); but in [dialect] Att. Prose, Hdt., and the Koine ὑ. c. gen. in signfs. 1.1, 2 is almost limited to these and a few other phrases, esp. ὑ. γῆς; it is not found at all in Th., LXX, Ptolemaic papyri, and NT; X. has ὑ. ἁμάξης ( = from under) An.6.4.22,25; the Orators have only ὑ. μάλης, Lys.Fr.54, D.29.12; ὑ. γῆς is found in Pl.Ap. 18b, Mx. 246d, R. 414d, al., Arist.Mete. 352b6, al., Hipparch.2.2.45, Plb.18.18.10 ([etym.] ὑ. τῆς γῆς), 21.28.3,10.b metaph., ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ under his rule, Od.19.114.II of Cause or Agency, freq. with pass. Verbs, and with intr. Verbs in pass. sense,μή πως τάχ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃς Il.3.436
, cf. 4.479; ; εὖτ' ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ' Ἕκτορος θνῂσκοντες πίπτωσι 1.242;τὸν.. τοκέα ὑ. τοῦ.. παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt.1.137
; , cf. Th.7, al.;πέλεκυς.. ὅς τ' εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ' ἀνέρος Il.3.61
;ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν.. φοβέοντο.. ἀπὸ νηῶν 16.303
; (anap.);ὑ. τοῦ Μήδου δεινότερα τούτων πάσχοντες Th.1.77
;ἐκπεσόντες ὑ. τοῦ πλήθους Id.4.66
;ἀναστάτων Καμαριναίων γενομένων ὑ. Συρακοσίων Id.6.5
;ὑφ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ὑ. τῶν πολεμίων τοῦτο παθεῖν Id.4.64
; κλύοντές ἐσμεν αἰσχίστους λόγους.. τοῦδ' ὑπ' ἀνδρὸς ἀρτίως we have been called shameful names by.., S.Aj. 1321; κακῶς ὑ. τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκούειν to be ill spoken of by.., Isoc.4.77, cf. Pl.Hp.Ma. 304e, X.An. 7.7.23; of a subordinate agent, ὑ. κήρυκος προαγορεύειν, ἀπειπεῖν κηρύκων ὕπο, Hdt.9.98, E.Alc. 737, cf. Th.6.32;ἐμῶν ὑπ' ἀγγέλων.. πορεύεται S.Tr. 391
;ὑ. ἀγγέλων πέμπων Pl.Phlb. 66a
: sts. with a verbal Subst., τὸ ὑ. νόμου ἐπίταγμα (i. e. ἐπιταττόμενον) Id.R. 359a;ἐκφορὰ φίλων ὕπο A.Th. 1029
;ἡ ὑπ' ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους παίδευσις X. Mem.2.1.34
;ἡ ὑ. πάντων τιμή Id.Cyr.3.3.2
;Ἥρας δεσμοὶ ὑ. ὑέος Pl. R. 378d
; so ἄτρωτον ἦν ὑ. στύγους ( = οὐ τετρωμένον) prob. in A.Ch. 532.2 also in pregnant phrases, not only of the immediate act of the agent, but also of its further result, ὅθ' ὑ. λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι hasten driven on by them, Il.13.334; ὑφ' Ἕκτορος.. φεύγοντες fleeing before him, 18.149,χάσσονται ὑπ' ἔγχεος 13.153
, cf. 7.64, 11.119, 424, Od.5.320, 7.263, al.;πράγματα εἶχον ὑ. λῃστῶν X.HG5.1.5
; ἔπαινον, αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑ. τινῶν, Hdt.9.78, A.Eu.99;οὐκέτι ἀποχωρεῖν οἷόν τ' ἦν ὑ. τῶν ἱππέων Th.7.78
, cf. Ar.V. 1084.3 freq. of things as well as persons,ὡς διάκειμαι ὑ. τῆς νόσου Th.7.77
;κεῖμαι νούσου ὕ. στυγερᾶς IG42(1).125.8
(Epid., iii B.C.);χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑ. τραυμάτων Pl.Tht. 142b
;ὑ. δόρατος πλαγείς IG42(1).122.64
(Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. ἔχιος φῦμα ib.123.4 (ibid., iv B.C.); ἰάθη ὑ. ὄφιος ib.121.113 (ibid., iv B.C.);κατεσκεύασαν τὰς πύλας κλείεσθαι ὑ. σφύρας τε μεγάλης καὶ κτύπου παμμεγέθους γιγνομένου Aen.Tact.20.4
: of the agency of feelings, passions, etc.,ἀνόρουσ' ὑ. χάρματος h.Cer. 371
; ἐνδακρύειν, ἀνολολύξαι χαρᾶς ὕπο, A.Ag. 541, 587;μαίνεται.. ὑφ' ἡδονῆς S.El. 1153
;χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους Il.10.376
;ὑ. δέους ἔρρηξε φωνήν Hdt.1.85
, cf. Th.6.33;οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν δῆμον ἐσόμενον ὑ. τῶν κακῶν καρτερεῖν Id.4.66
;ὑ. κακοῦ ἀγρυπνίῃσι εἴχετο Hdt.3.129
;ὑπ' ἄλγους A.Eu. 183
; ;ὑ. λύπης S.OT 1073
: hence ὑπό is used even with active Verbs, where a passive word may be supplied, e.g. ὑ. ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίης συνεπλήρουν τὰς νέας from courage, i. e. impelled by courage, Hdt.8.1;ὤρυσσον ὑ. μαστίγων Id.7.22
, cf. 56; οὐδὲ σέ γε δόλος ἔσχ' ὑ. χειρὸς ἐμᾶς by my agency, S.Ph. 1118 (lyr.); αἰ μήτις αὐτὸς δοίη, μὴ ὑπ' ἀνάγκας not under compulsion, GDI5128.5 ([place name] Vaxos).4 ὑπό freq. serves to denote the attendant or accompanying circumstances,νέφος ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑ. Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς Il.4.276
, cf. 16.591, etc.: sts. with part. added, ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν at their shouting, i.e. when they shouted, 2.334, 16.277;ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕ. 18.220
.5 of accompanying music, to give the time,κώμαζον ὑπ' αὐλοῦ Hes.Sc. 281
, cf. 278;ᾄδων ὑπ' αὐλητῆρος Archil.123
, cf. Thgn.825, Charon Fr.9;πίνειν ὑ. σάλπιγγος Ar.Ach. 1001
: generally, of anything attendant, δαΐδων ὕ. λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον by torchlight, Il.18.492, cf. E.Hel. 639 (lyr.), Ion 1474 (lyr.);καταθάψομεν.. ὑ. κλαυθμῶν A.Ag. 1554
(anap.);ὑπ' εὐκλείας θανεῖν E.Hipp. 1299
; ; ὑπ' εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι offer a sacrifice accompanied by it, S.El. 630; ὑ. φανοῦ πορεύεσθαι by lantern-light, X.Lac.5.7; ὑ. πομπῆς ἐξάγειν τινά in or with solemn procession, Hdt.2.45, cf. Ar.Th. 1030; ὑ. βίης βήξας coughing with violence, violently, Hdt.6.107; ἐτόξευον ὑ. μαστίγων, i.e. they shot and lashed, X.An.3.4.25: v. infr. B. 11.4, C. IV. 1.7 Math., ἡ ὑ. ΘΔΗ the angle ΘΔΗ ( = ἡ ὑ. τῶν ΘΔ, ΔΗ περιεχομένη γωνία), Procl. Hyp.2.26; but also τὸ ὑ. τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ the rectangle contained by ΑΓ, ΓΒ, = ΑΓ χ ΓΒ, Euc.2.4.8 ναῦλον ὄνων γ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὑ. οἴνου laden with wine, Pap. in Hermes 28.163 (ii A.D.), cf. ib.479, and infr. C. IV. 2.B WITH DATIVE (esp. in Poets, never in LXX (Jb.12.5 is dub. l.) or NT, not common in Arist., Ptolemaic papyri, or Plb.), of Position under,ὑ. ποσσί Il.2.784
, al.; ὑ. πλατανίστῳ ib. 307, cf. 18.558; ὑ. Τμώλῳ at its foot, 2.866, cf. Od.1.186;Βερύσιοι ὑ. τῇ Ἴδῃ IG12.191.11
, cf. 373.118, al.;ὑ. τῇ ἀκροπόλι Hdt.6.105
; τῶν θανόντων ὑπ' Ἰλίῳ under its walls, E.Hec. 764, cf. A.Ag. 860;πέτρῃ ὕ. γλαφυρῇ εὗδον, Βορέω ὑπ' ἰωγῇ Od.14.533
;ὑ. τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἔχειν τὰς πηγάς Arist.Mete. 350b27
;ὑ. πέτρᾳ παῖς IG42(1).122.19
(Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. τῷ ναῷ ἀστραγαλίζοντος αὐτοῦ ib.121.25 (ibid., iv B.C.); ηυπὺ τῇ κλίνῃ τούτῃ ληνὸς (or Λῆνος) ηύπυ ib.14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.);στρουθοὶ ὑ. τῇ τραπέζῃ Michel 832.33
(Samos, iv B.C.);ὑ. τῇ μασχάλῃ Hp.Art.11
;χέλυν δ' ὑ. μασχάλῃ εἶχεν h.Merc. 242
;ὑ. ταῖς μασχάλαις Arist.PA 688b5
,14; ὁ ὑ. τῇ γῇ ἀήρ under the earth, Id.Cael. 295a28; ἐὰν ὑ. σοὶ κατακλινῇ lies next below you, Pl.Smp. 222e; ὑφ' ἅρμασι under, i.e. yoked to, the chariot, Il.8.402, 18.244;εἶχε μάχαιραν ὑφ' αὑτῷ παρεσκευασμένος Plb.8.20.6
codd., cf. POxy. 1800 Fr.2.36 (Vit.Aesop.);ὑ. τοῖς χιτωνίσκοις περιζώματα φοροῦσιν Plb.12.26a
.4, cf. 13.7.9; τά τε θηρία καὶ τὰς ὑπ' αὐτοῖς σχεδίας under them, on which they stood, Id.3.46.8;τῆς γῆς τῆς ὑ. τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Timae.
ap. eund.12.25.7;οἱ ὑ. τῇ ἄρκτῳ, τῇ μεσημβρία, οἰκοῦντες Adam.2.31
, cf. Arist.Pr. 940a37, Phgn. 806b16;ὑ. τῷ μετώπῳ ὀφρύες Id.HA 491b14
;ὑ. τῷ γενείῳ Plb.34.10.9
;τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ὕδασι καὶ ὑμέσι καὶ ὑέλοις Hero
*Deff.135.12;ὑ. τῷ δέρματι Gal. 18(2).102
.2 with Verbs of motion, where rest or position follows, εἷσαν ὑ. φηγῷ set [him] down under it, Il.5.693;ἔζευξαν ὑφ' ἅρμασιν.. ἵππους Od.3.478
, cf. Il.24.782;ὑ. δ' ἄξοσι.. ἔπιπτον 16.378
, cf. X.Cyr.7.1.37;δέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ θέμεναι Il.24.644
.3 in such phrases as ὑ. χερσί τινος ἁλῶναι, δαμῆναι, 2.374, 860, al.;ἐμῇς ὑ. χερσὶ δάμασσον 3.352
;ὑ. δουρὶ δαμῆναι 5.653
, etc.;ἔκπεσον ἵππων Ἀτρεΐδεω ὑ. χερσί 11.180
;ὤλετο.. ὑ. γαμφηλῇσι λέοντος 16.489
; (lyr.);ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπ' ἀνδράσι Il.6.453
;ὑ. τινὶ κτείνεσθαι 16.490
.4 behind,ὑ. φάλαγγι Ascl.Tact.6.1
; under the cover or protection of,ὑ. τούτῳ τῷ φράγματι τοὺς ὑπορύσσοντας εἶναι Aen.Tact.37.9
;ὑ. ταῖς αὑτῶν ἀσφαλείαις Plb. 1.57.8
, 4.12.10, 16.6.1.II of the person under whose hand, power, or influence, or the thing by or through which a thing is done, ὑπ' Ἀργείοισι φέβοντο fled before them, Il.11.121; freq. in Hom. with intr. or pass. Verbs,ἐφόβηθεν ὑφ' Ἕκτορι Il.15.637
;ὁρμηθέντες ὑ. πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης Od.13.82
;βῆ.. θεῶν ὑ. πομπῇ Il.6.171
;ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα πνοιῇ ὕπο 23.215
;ὑ. λαίλαπι βέβριθε χθών 16.384
; τεκεῖν, τεκέσθαι ὑ. τινί, 2.714, 728, 742;ἀτῆθαι ὑ. τῷ μεμφομένῳ GDI4994.8
([place name] Crete);ὁ χρησμὸς ὁ γεγονὼς ὑ. τοῖ Ἀπόλλωνι Inscr.Magn.38.5
, cf. 12,31,52.2 expressing subjection or dependence, ὑ. τινί under one's power,δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ Od.3.305
, cf. Il.9.156;ὑπ' ἀνδράσιν οἶκον ἔχουσιν Od. 7.68
; εἶναι ὑ. τισί to be subordinate, subject to them, Th.1.32; ὑ. Χείρωνι τεθραμμένος under the eye of.., Pl.R. 391c; ἔχειν ὑφ' ἑαυτῷ have under one, at one's command, X.Cyr.2.1.26;τὰ θηρία τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Pl.R. 563c
;ὑ. τινὶ στρατεύσασθαι Plu.Cic.44
: in pregnant sense,ἵνα.. πάντα ὑ. Πέρσῃσι γένηται Hdt.7.11
, cf. Th.7.64;ὑπ' ἑωυτῷ ποιήσασθαι Hdt.7.157
;κινδυνεύσαιμ' ἂν ὑ. τῇ δυσχερεστάτῃ γενέσθαι τύχῃ Lys.24.6
;ὑ. τῷ Μακεδόνι ταττομένων Plb.18.11.4
;τοὺς τραφέντας ὑ. τούτοις Id.6.7.2
.3 of the subordination of things coming under a class,αἱ ὑ. ταῖς τέχναις ἐργασίαι Pl.Smp. 205c
;τὸ ὑ. ταῖς γεωμετρίαις Id.R. 511b
;ὄργανα.. τὰ ὑ. τῇ μουσικῇ Id.Hp.Ma. 295d
.4 as in A. 11.5, ὑπ' αὐλητῆρι πρόσθ' ἔκιον advanced to the music of the flute-player, Hes.Sc. 283; ὑπ' αὐλῷ, ὑ. κήρυκι καὶ θεολόγῳ, Luc.DDeor.2.2, Alex.19;ὑ. μάστιξι διορύττειν τὸν Ἄθω Plu.2.470e
: generally, of attendant circumstances,ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶσι.. πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο Od.4.402
; ὑ. ῥάβδοις καὶ πελέκεσι κατιών escorted by the lictors, Plu.Publ.10; ὑ. σκότῳ, νυκτί, A.Ag. 1030 (lyr.), A.R. 1.1022, etc.;λάμπει δ' ὑ. μαρμαρυγαῖς ὁ χρυσός B.3.17
;αἰθομένα δᾲς ὑ. ξανθαἵσι πεύκαις Pi.Fr.79
;ὑ. φωτὶ πολλῷ προσῄει Plu.Galb.14
;ὑ. λαμπάσιν ἡμμέναις Hld.10.41
; ὑ. πολλῷ στρατῷ escorted by a great host, Nic.Dam.10J.;ὑ. δικαιοσύνῃ διαγαγεῖν τὸν βίον Pl.Ep. 335d
.— ὑπό has no sense c. dat. which it has not also c. gen.; but all its senses c. gen. do not belong to the dat.:—later ὑπό c. dat. is found as a mere periphr. of the dat.,στέφος.. αὐτὸς ὑφ' ἡμετέραις πλεξάμενος παλάμαις AP5.73
(Rufin.), cf. 85 (Claudian.);λέων ὑπ' ἄκοντι τετυμμένος A.R.2.26
, cf. Man.2.131.C WITH ACCUSATIVE, of Place; to express motion towards and under an object, ὑ. σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα drove them under, i.e. into, the cave, Il.4.279;ὑ. ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν Od.3.383
; σεῦ ὕστερος εἶμ' ὑ. γαῖαν, i.e. shall die, Il.18.333;νέεσθαι ὑ. ζόφον 23.51
, cf. Od.3.335; κατακρύπτειν τινὰ ὑ. τὴν αὐτὴν θύρην under shelter of it, i.e. behind it, Hdt.1.12;πάϊς ὣς ὑ. μητέρα δύσκεν εἰς Αἴαντα Il.8.271
;ὅκως ἔωσι ὑ. τὸν πεζὸν στρατὸν τὸν σφέτερον Hdt.9.96
;ὑ. τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ὁπλιτῶν τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ψιλῶν τετάχθαι Ael.Tact.15.2
; of coming close up under a lofty citadel, ἤλθεθ' ὑ. Τροίην up to T., Od.4.146;ὅτ' ἔμελλεν ὑ. πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος ἵξεσθαι Il.11.181
;παυρότερον λαὸν ἀγαγόνθ' ὑ. τεῖχος ἄρειον 4.407
;ὑ. τὰ τείχη φεύγειν Plb.1.74.11
;ὑ. τὰς ἴλας φεύγειν Id.3.65.7
, cf. 3.105.6, 11.21.5, al.;ὑ. ταὐτὸ στέγος εἰσελθεῖν GDI3536
B 3 ([place name] Cnidus);πᾶν ὃ ἐὰν ἔλθῃ.. ὑ. τὴν ῥάβδον LXXLe.27.32
, cf. De.4.11, al.; so ὑ. δικαστήριον ὑπαχθείς, ἀγαγόντες, Hdt.6.72, 104 (cf. ὑπάγειν ὑ. τοὺς ἐφόρους ib.82) prob. refers to the elevated seats of the judges in court, cf. ὑπάγω A ΙΙ.2 of Position or Extension under an object, without sense of motion,Ἀρκαδίην ὑ. Κυλλήνης ὄρος Il.2.603
, cf. 824, etc.;ἰκριώσασι ὑ. τὴν ὀροφήν IG12.374.76
; ἐργασαμένοις τὸ ἄνθεμον ὑ. τὴν ἀσπίδα ib.371.9;τὰ μὲν ὑ. τὸν λόφον καὶ τὰμ φάραγγα Inscr.Prien.37.162
(ii B.C.);ἀνθέντω ὑ. τὸν ναὸν τᾶς Δάματρος IG5(1).1498.13
(loc. inc., ii B.C.); ὅσσοι ἔασιν ὑπ' ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε everywhere under the sun, Il.5.267;ὑπ' αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο φοιτῶσι Od.2.181
;τῶν ὑ. τοῦτον τὸν ἥλιον.. ἀνθρώπων D.18.270
;τὰ ὑ. τὴν ἄρκτον Hdt. 5.10
, cf. Arist.Mete. 362a17;οἴκησις ἡ λεγομένη ὑ. τὸν πόλον Gem.5.38
, cf. 16.21, al.;ὑ. τὸν οὐρανόν LXXEx.17.14
, al., UPZ106.14 (i B.C.);τὸ ὑ. τὴν ἀκρόπολιν Th.2.17
;ὁ ὑ. γῆν λεγόμενος εἶναι θεός Hdt.7.114
, cf. Il.19.259; ὑ. γῆν is more freq. than ὑ. γῆς in Arist., Mete. 349b29, al., in Hipparch., 1.3.10, al., and entirely supersedes ὑ. γῆς in Hdt., 2.124, 125, 127, 148, 150, 3.102, 4.195, 7.114, and Gem., 2.19, al.; it is found also in Plb.21.28.11, etc.; ὑ. γῆν the nadir, opp. μεσουράνημα, PLond.1.98r.49, 110.33 (i/ii A.D.); alsoἄγχε δέ μιν.. ἱμὰς ἁπαλὴν ὑ. δειρήν Il.3.371
;Τρῶες.. πτῶσσον ὑ. κρημνούς 21.26
;ἀγέροντο.. ἄλσος ὕ. σκιερόν Od.20.278
;τρωφεὶς ὑ. τὸν ὀφθαλμόν IG42(1).122.120
(Epid., iv B.C.);οὐλὴ ὑπ' ὀφθαλμὸν δεξιόν PCair.Zen76.13
(iii B.C.);ὑ. τὸ μέρος τοῦ ἐνοφειλομένου ὑπογραψάτω ὅσον ἰδίᾳ ἔχει PRev.Laws 19.2
(iii B.C.);κείμενος ὑ. τὸν ὀμφαλόν Sor.1.7
, cf. 67, al.;ὑ. τὰς πύλας ἵππων πόδες φαίνονται Th.5.10
;μὴ ὑποτιθέναι κύλικα ὑ. τὴν κλίνην IG12(5).593
A21 (Ceos, v B. C.); ὑ. τὸν ὀδόν ib.42(1).102.249 (Epid., iv B.C.);καταψύξατε ὑ. τὸ δένδρον LXX Ge.18.4
; ὑ. τὸν λέβητα ib.Ec.7.7(6); ὑ. τοὺς πόδας ib.La.3.34;εἰς τοὺς ὑ. πόδα χωρεῖ τόπους Dsc.5.75
(v.πούς 1.6
g); ἡ ὑ. πόδα (sc. γραμμή ) the base of a triangle, Hero *Mens.55; also ὑπ' αὐγὰς.. λεύσσουσαι πέπλους holding them up to the light, E.Hec. 1154; also ὑ. τὸν ὀφθαλμόν close to the eye, Arist. Pr. 874a9;ὑποκειμένης τῆς Εὐβοίας ὑ. τὴν Ἀττικήν Isoc.4.108
;ὑπ' αὐτὴν ἐσχάτην στήλην ἔχων ἔχριμπτ' ἀεὶ σύριγγα S.El. 720
;εἰ θεωρήσειεν ὑπ' αὐγὰς τὸν ἀνθρώπειον βίον Iamb.Protr.8
(cf.αὐγή 1
): of subordinate position.κατακλίνεσθαι ὑ. τινά Luc.Symp.9
; τίς ὑ. τίνα; who is next to whom, Onos.10.2.b Math., ὁ κύβος ὁ ὑ. τὴν.. σφαῖραν inscribed in the sphere, Papp.440.5;εἶναι ὑ. τὸ αὐτὸ ὕψος Euc.11.29
, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.19; ὑ. τὰν αὐτὰν γωνίαν subtending.., Id.Aren. 1.20 (cj.), cf. 21; ,al.3 of the logical subordination of things under a class,τῶν ἑτερογενῶν καὶ μὴ ὑπ' ἄλληλα τεταγμένων Arist.Cat. 1b16
, etc.; οἱ ὑ. τὸ ψεῦδος τεταγμένοι in the category of.., Luc.Ind.20.II of subjection, control, dependence, never in Hom., once in Hdt.,ὑ. βασιλέα δασμοφόρος 7.108
;ὑ. σφᾶς ποιεῖσθαι Th.4.60
, cf. Pl.R. 348d, Arist. HA 488a10, etc.;ἕως κα ᾖ ὑ. τὸν πατέρα Test.Epict.3.29
;ὑ. τιν' ἦν τῶν βασιλέων Men.340
;τί δ' οὐ κρατέοντος ὑπ' ἰσχύν; Call.Jov.75
, cf. 74;ὑ. Δία Γῆν Ἥλιον Sammelb. 5616
(i A.D.), POxy.722.6 (i/ii A.D.), etc. (v.ἥλιος 11.1
);ὑ. θεὸν καὶ ἄνθρωπον Michel854.52
(Halic., iii B.C.);τοῦ τοπαρχοῦντος ὑ. σέ PCair.Zen.322.3
(iii B.C.);στρατενσάμενον ὑ. ἄρχοντα Ἀντίοχον IG12(1).43.7
([place name] Rhodes);μηδὲ ὑ. δεσπότην ὤν LXXPr. 6.7
, cf. Ps.143.2; for ὑ. χεῖρα, v. χείρ; οἱ ὑ. τινά X.Cyr.3.3.6,8.8.5, etc.;τοῖς ὑφ' αὑτὸν τεταγμένοις GDI3750.75
([place name] Rhodes).III of Time, in the course of, during, or to be left untranslated in English,ἐκέλευε Τοωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι νύχθ' ὕ. τήνδ' ὀλοήν Il.22.102
;ὑ. τὴν νύκτα ταύτην Hdt.9.51
, cf. 58; ὑ. τὴν πρώτην ἐπελθοῦσαν νύκτα ἀπέδρη Id 6.2;τῆς κολοκύνθης.. ἣ ἐγενήθη ὑ. νύκτα καὶ ὑ. νύκτα ἀπώλετο LXXJn.4.10
: rarely with stress on the duration, πάνθ' ὑ. μηνιθμόν throughout its continuance, Il.16.202;ὑ. τὸν παρεόντα τόνδε πόλεμον Hdt.9.60
; οὐδὲν τῶν κατ' Αἴγυπτον ὑ. ταῦτα ἑτεροιωθῆναι during that time, Id.2.142;ὑ. τὸν χρόνον ὃν οἱ ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριηκόσιοι ἦρχον οἵδε ἐθεόρεον IG12(8).276.4
([place name] Thasos).2 also of Time, about, sts. more precisely at, and of events, about or at the time of, ὑπ' αὐτὸν τὸν χρόνον ὅτε .. Ar.Ach. 139, cf. Hdt.7.165;ὑπ' αὐτὸν τὸν καιρόν Plb. 11.27.4
, 16.15.8; ὑφ' ἕνα καιρόν at one time, Diog.Oen.38;ὑ. τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Th.2.26
;ὑ. τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους Id.1.100
;ὑ. τὸν σεισμόν Id.2.27
, cf. Plb.4.33.5, Plu.Alex.14; ὑ. τὴν ἑωθινήν, ὑ. τὴν ὄρφνην, Plb. 18.19.5,7;ὑ. τὸν ὄρθρον Act.Ap.5.21
, Gp.2.4.3; ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς περιπάτους ὑ. τὸ ψῦχος in the cool of the morning, Plb.5.56.10; ὑφ' ἓν πάντες all at once, at the same time, Arr.Epict.3.22.33, cf. S.E.M. 10.124, Sor.1.103, al.; παιδάριον ὑ. τὴν ἀναπνοὴν ἑπτὰ καὶ πέντε στίχους συνεῖρον in one breath, Plb.10.47.9; ὑφ' ἓν ἐκτρῖψαι at one blow, LXX Wi.12.9; ὑ. μίαν ἄρσιν καὶ θέσιν ἀνατείνοντες καὶ κατατιθέμενοι, of a squad of diggers, Gp.2.45.5; ὑ. μίαν φωνήν Aristeas 178; πῶς γὰρ ἂν ὑ. τὰς αὐτὰς ἡμέρας ἔν τε τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ καὶ ἐν τῇ Κιλικίᾳ.. πολεμήσειε; at the same time, D.C.36.35; sts. c. part., ὑ. τὸν νηὸν κατακαέντα at the time of its burning, Hdt.1.51; ὑ. τὴν κατάλυσιν τοῦ πολέμου just at the end, X.Mem.2.8.1, cf. Plu.Mar.46; ὑ. τὸν θυμὸν ἐκ χειρὸς ἐπιστρατευσαμένων at the very time of their anger, Plb. 2.19.10;ὑ. παροξυσμόν Gal.19.215
; παραδόντω τοῖς αἱρεθεῖσι εἰς τὸν ὑπ' αὐτὰ (or ὕπαυτα as Adv. = ἑξῆς)ἐνιαυτόν IG9(1).694.60
(Corc., ii/i B.C.);ὑ. κύνα Arist.HA 547a14
, Thphr.CP1.13.3, D.S.19.109;ὑ. τὰς θερινὰς [τροπὰς] καὶ τοῦ κυνὸς τὴν ἐπιτολήν Gp.2.6.17
.IV of accompaniment,ὑπὸ ὄρχησίν τε καὶ ᾠδήν Pl.Lg. 670a
;ὑ. αὐλὸν διαλέγεσθαι X.Smp.6.3
codd. (ὑ. τοῦ αὐλοῦ Cobet); ὑ. κήρυκα (v.κῆρυξ 1.3
).—Compare A.11.5, B.11.4.2 ὄνον ἕνα ὑ. λαχανόσπερμον laden with.., Meyer Ostr.81.2 (i A. D.), cf. PFay.p.324 (i A.D.); , al. (iii A.D.); cf. supr. A.11.8.D POSITION: ὑ. can follow its Subst., becoming by anastrophe ὕπο. It is freq. separated from the Subst. by intervening words, as in Il.2.465, Od.5.320, 7.130:— ὑπαί is placed after its case in A. Eu. 417, S.El. 1418, Inach. l.c., although acc. to Hdn.Gr.1.480 it cannot suffer anastrophe.E AS ADV., under, below, beneath, freq. in Hom.; esp. of young animals, under the mother, i.e. at the breast, Od.4.636, 21.23.2 behind, Hdt.7.61: cf. C. 1.II ὑπ' ἐκ or ὑπέκ, v. ὑπέκ.—In Hom. the separation of the Prep. from its Verb by tmesis is very freq., and sts. it follows, in which case it suffers anastrophe,φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ Od.9.17
.F IN COMPOSITION:I under, as well of rest as of motion, as in ὕπειμι, ὑποβαίνω, etc.3 of the agency or influence under which a thing is done, to express subjection or subordination, ὑποδαμνάω, ὑποδμώς, ὑφηνίοχος, cf. ἐπί G. 111. -
4 κραταιβόλους
κραταίβολοςhurled with violence: masc /fem acc plκραταιβόλοςmasc /fem acc pl -
5 κραταιβόλω
κραταίβολοςhurled with violence: masc /fem /neut dat sgκραταιβόλοςmasc /fem /neut dat sg -
6 κραταιβόλῳ
κραταίβολοςhurled with violence: masc /fem /neut dat sgκραταιβόλοςmasc /fem /neut dat sg -
7 κραταίβιος
κραταίβιοςstrong with violence: masc /fem nom sg -
8 ἀποβιάζομαι
V 0-0-0-1-0=1 Prv 22,22to treat with violence, to rob [τινα]Cf. HELBING 1928, 13; SPICQ 1978a 190(n.2) -
9 κατακληρονομέω
+ V 19-18-15-2-8=62 Nm 13,30; 33,54; 34,13.18; Dt 1,38A: to become heir and owner Sir 44,21; to receive possession of [τι] Dt 3,20; to seize possession of [τι] (with violence) Hab 1,6; to obtain (a woman) as one’s assured possession [τινα] Sir 4,16; to receive a possession among [ἔν τινι] Jos 22,19; to divide and give sth as possession to sb [τί τινα] (semit., rendering Hebr. נחל hi.) Jer 3,18; id. [τί τινι] (semit., rendering Hebr.-לנחל לקח) Nm 34,18; to give as inheritance to sb [τινι] (semit., rendering Hebr. נחל pi.) Jos 14,1; to give sb as possession [τινα] (semit., rendering Hebr. נחל pi.) Jos 13,32; to make sb heir, to give an inheritance to [τινα] Sir 46,1P: to have obtained a share Dt 19,14ὄνομα αἰῶνος κατακληρονομήσει he shall inherit an everlasting name Sir 15,6*2 Sm 7,1 κατεκληρονόμησεν αὐτόν he gave him an inheritance-הנחילו for MT לו הניח he gave him rest;*Ez 22,16 καὶ κατακληρονομήσω ἐν σοί and I shall inherit you-בך ונחלתי נחל for MT בך ונחלת חלל you shall be profaned by you, you shall profane yourselfsee κατακληροδοτέωCf. DOGNIEZ 1992, 120; DORIVAL 1994 169.186.315; HELBING 1928, 138-141; MURAOKA 1990b, 43;→TWNT -
10 καταφέρω
Aκατοίσω Plu.Per.28
, - οίσομαι Il.22.425: [tense] aor. 1 , inf. -ενεγκεῖν Plb.1.62.9
; [dialect] Dor. (Delph.):— bring down, once in Hom., οὗ μ' ἄχος ὀξὺ κατοίσεται Ἄϊδος εἴσω will bring me down to the grave, Il.l.c.; (lyr.); of rivers, κ. χρυσίον, γῆν, Arist.Mir. 833b17, Pr. 935a16: Com.,ὁ Κρᾶθις ἡμῖν κ. μάζας Metag. 6.1
; esp. of cutting instruments,κ. τὴν σμινύην Ael.NA11.32
; τὴν δίκελλαν, τὴν σφῦραν, Luc. Tim.7, Prom.2: c. dat. obj., κ. τὸ ξίφος τῷ πολεμίῳ let it fall upon him, Plu.2.236e: c. gen.,τὴν ἅρπην τῆς ἰξύος Ach.Tat.1.3
;τῶν γνάθων τὸ ξυρόν Alciphr.3.66
: metaph.,ψόγον τινός LXX Ge.37.2
: abs., hew downwards, deal a blow, Luc.DDeor. 8, Somn.3;κ. πληγήν Id.Tim.40
, cf. D.S.11.69 (but also (ii B.C.)).f carry down, in reckoning, etc.,πλῆθος ἀμήχανον ἐτῶν Plu.Num.18
;τὸ τῆς εὐδαιμονίας εἰς τὰ ζῷα Plot. 1.4.1
.2 [voice] Pass., to be brought down by a river, of gold dust, Hdt. 1.93; from an upper story, D.47.63; to move downwards with violence, to be discharged, of humours, Hp.Epid.6.8.18; to be couched, of a cataract, -ενεχθέντος τοῦ ὑποχύματος Gal.7.89
.b descend, sink, Arist.HA 590b8; κ. ὁ ἥλιος, ἡ σελήνη, ἡ ἡμέρα, ib. 552b21, Plu.Nic.21, Tim.12; κ. ὁ λύχνος is near going out, Id.Caes.69; κ. [ ἡ ἄμπελος] is perishing, Thphr.HP4.13.5; of dancers,κ. ἐπὶ γῆν Critias 36
D., cf. Democr.228; of a sick person,κ. καθάπερ νεκρόν Gal.7.591
; but ἐπὶ πόδας, of a patient in bed, Id.18(2).60.c fall, flow down, of rain or rivers, Gp.5.2.16, Hsch.s.v. Πεντέλεια.e to be weighed down, ἐν τοῖσιν ὕπνοισι v.l. in Hp.Epid.4.45, cf. 5.50;κ. καὶ νυστάζειν Arist.Somn.Vig. 456b31
;ἐς ὕπνον Luc.DMeretr.2.4
;ὕπνῳ βαθεῖ Act.Ap.20.9
, cf. Philostr. Gym.54;ὑπὸ μέθης Ath.11.461c
: abs., drop asleep, opp. ἐγείρεσθαι, Arist. GA 779a9, Insomn. 462a10; to be semi-comatose,ἀγρυπνεῖν τε ἅμα καὶ -εσθαι Gal.16.497
.2 of a storm, drive to land, , cf. Plb.3.24.11:— [voice] Pass., , cf. 3.69: generally, in [voice] Pass., to be landed, discharged, of cargoes, PFlor. 278ii 13 (iii A.D.), etc.III [voice] Pass., metaph., to be brought to a point, ἐπὶ γνώμην, ἐλπίδα, etc., Plb.30.19.13, 6.9.3, Plot.2.6.1;ἐπὶ τὰς αὐτὰς διανοίας D.H.Lys.17
, cf. Phld.Mort.29, al.: abs. (cf.καταφορά 11.3
), ib.30:—also [voice] Act., have recourse,ἐπ' οὐθὲν ψεῦδος Id.Rh.1.159
S.2 tend,ἡ [σύνταξις] ἐπὶ τὸ προστακτικὸν φύσει κ. A.D.Synt.232.8
; τῶν ῥημάτων -φερομένων εἰς τὴν ἐπὶ τέλους βαρεῖαν ib. 134.25.V intr. in [voice] Act., to be prone, inclined,κ. εἰς τὰς γυναῖκας POxy.465.146
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταφέρω
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11 κραταίβιος
κρᾰταί-βῐος, ον,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κραταίβιος
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12 κραταίβολος
κρᾰταί-βολος, ον,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κραταίβολος
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13 βιάζω
βιάζω and βιάω ( βίη), pres. 2 pl. βιάζετε, perf. βεβίηκα, mid. and pass. pres. βιάζεται, βιόωνται, opt. βιῴατο, ipf. βιάζετο, βιόωντο, mid. fut. βιήσομαι, aor. (ἐ) βιήσατο, part. βιησάμενος: force, constrain, mid., overpower, treat with violence; met., ἄχος βεβίηκεν Ἀχαιούς, ‘overwhelmed,’ Il. 10.145; pass. βιάζεσθαι βελέεσσιν, Il. 11.576; ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰὼν ἐβιήσατο παῖδας, ‘forces his way in spite of the boys,’ Il. 11.558 ; νῶι ἐβιήσατο μισθόν, ‘forcibly withheld from us’ (two accusatives as w. a verb of depriving), Il. 21.451 ; ψεύδεσσι βιησάμενος, ‘overreaching,’ Il. 23.576.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > βιάζω
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14 ὅρμημα
ὅρμημα, ατος, τό (ὁρμάω; Hom. et al.; Plut., LXX) violent rush, onset ὁρμήματι βληθήσεται Βαβυλών Babylon will be thrown down with violence Rv 18:21 (Charles, Rv ad loc. ‘indignation’ cp. Hos 5:10 and s. ὁρμή)—Frisk s.v. ὁρμή. M-M. TW. -
15 βιάζω
βιάζω (Hom.+) nearly always as a mid. dep. βιάζομαι; aor. mid. ἐβιασάμην, pass. 2 sg. ἐβιάσθης Sir 31:21. Apart fr. Dg. 7:4; 10:15 most of this entry concerns probabilities relating to β. in Mt 11:12 and par. Lk 16:16. The principal semantic problem is whether β. is used negatively (‘in malam partem’) or positively (‘in bonam partem’), a problem compounded by the question of the function of these vss. in their literary context. In Gk. lit. β. is most often used in the unfavorable sense of attack or forcible constraint (s. L-S-J-M).① to inflict violence on, dominate, constrain w. acc. (Herodas 2, 71; Menand., Dyscolus 253 [opp. πείθειν use of persuasion]; 371; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 35 §139; PAmh 35, 17 [213 B.C.] βιασάμενος αὐτούς; PGiss 19, 13; LGötzeler, Quaestiones in Appiani et Polybii dicendi genus 1890, 63; Esth 7:8 [rape]; En 103:14; 104:3) mistreat the poor people β. τοὺς ὑποδεεστέρους Dg 10:5.—With β. taken as pass., Mt 11:12 ἡ βασιλεία τ. οὐρανῶν βιάζεται is frequently understood in the unfavorable sense the reign/kingdom of heaven is violently treated, is oppressed (so the pass. e.g. Thu. 1, 77, 4; POxy 294, 16 [22 A.D.]; Sir 31:21. On the topic of violence to the divine, cp. Paus. 2, 1, 5 τὰ θεῖα βιάσασθαι=(it is difficult for a mere human) to coerce things in the realm of the divine.—GSchrenk, TW I 608ff; NRSV ‘has suffered violence’; its mng., w. β. understood as mid.: ‘has been coming violently’, s. 2 end); var. ways by which the violence is suffered have been suggested—(a) through hindrances raised against it (βιάζομαι=be hindered, be obstructed: cp. the use of the mid. in this sense: Synes., Provid. 1, 1, 89c of the evil man’s power, which strives εἴ πῃ τὸν θεῖον νόμον βιάσαιτο=[to see] whether it could perhaps ‘hinder’ the divine law; Jos., Ant. 1, 261). For the pass. in this sense, s. the versions: It., Vulg., Syr. Sin. and Cur. S. also Dalman, Worte 113–16; MDibelius, Joh. d. T. 1911, 26ff: hostile spirits.—(b) through the efforts of unauthorized pers. to compel its coming (s. HScholander, ZNW 13, 1912, 172–75)—(c) through attempts to occupy (an area) by force (a territory, Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 24 §91).② to gain an objective by force, use force, intr. (X., Mem. 3, 9, 10; Diod S 4, 12, 5 οἱ βιαζόμενοι=the ones who use force, the intruders; Plut., Mor. 203c; Epict. 4, 8, 40; Lucian, Necyom. 20, Hermot. 22; SIG 1042, 8 [Dssm., NB 85f (BS 258)]; 888, 24; 1243, 4f; PTebt 6, 31; PFlor 382, 54; Dt 22:25, 28; Philo, Mos. 1, 215; Jos., Bell. 3, 493; 518) of compulsion οὐ βιαζόμενος without using force (opp. πείθειν) Dg 7:4.—Of forcing one’s way (Demosth. 55, 17; Appian, Hann. 24 §106) w. εἴς τι enter forcibly into someth. (Thu. 1, 63, 1; 7, 69, 4; Polyb. 1, 74, 5; Plut., Otho 1072 [12, 10]; Philo, Mos. 1, 108 of a gnat forcing its way into bodily orifices εἰς τἀντὸς βιάζεται; Jos., Bell. 3, 423) ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ εὐαγγελίζεται καὶ πᾶς εἰς αὐτὴν βιάζεται the reign of God is being proclaimed and everyone takes (or tries to take [cp. Polemo Soph. B 11 Reader, s. p. 266f]) it by force Lk 16:16 (hyperbolic usage; on the question whether this is a perspective attributed to Jesus or to his opposition concerning moral miscalculation, s. FDanker, JBL 77, ’58, 234–36).— Makes its way w. triumphant force is preferred for Mt 11:12 by FBaur; TZahn; AHarnack, SBBerlAk 1907, 947–57; WBrandt, ZNW 11, 1910, 247f; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, 84–88; cp. NRSV mg. ‘has been coming violently’.—EGraesser, D. Problem der Parusieverzögerung, ZNW Beih. 22, ’57, 180ff; OBetz, Jesu heiliger Krieg, NovT 2, ’57, 116–37.③ go after someth. w. enthusiasm, seek fervently, try hard, the sense is sought w. burning zeal is preferred by HHoltzmann; FDibelius, StKr 86, 1913, 285–88; et al. for Mt 11:12. A variation of this interpretation is the sense try hard, but the support sought in Epict. 4, 7, 20f is questionable, for this latter pass. rather refers to attempts at forced entry when one is not welcome.④ constrain (warmly) if βιάζεται Lk 16:16 is to be understood as a passive, as POxy 294, 16 (22 A.D.), or in the same sense as the mid. in Gen 33:11; Judg 13:15, the sense would be invite urgently of the ‘genteel constraint imposed on a reluctant guest’ (so vHoffmann et al.; s. FDibelius [s. 3 above]; cp. the sense of Lk 14:23 ἀνάγκασον εἰσελθεῖν ‘compel them to come in’).—On usage at Qumran s. BThiering, NovT 21, ’79, 293–97.—DELG s.v. βία. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
16 βῑνέω
βῑνέωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `coïre, futuere, τὸ βίᾳ μίγνυσθαι' (Ar., Sol. ap. H.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Vulgar word. Often combined with βία `violence', but DELG points out that there is no evidence for violence. One also compared ζάει βινεῖ H.; how? Skt. jinā́ti `overpower, suppress' nor ptc. jī-na- (only gramm.) = *βῑνός convince. Not with Palmer, Minos 5 (1957) 62 to δῑνέω, which does not fit semantically. De Lamberterie, CEG 1, suggests, because of the variant βενέω, * gʷen- `woman' with ῑ from κῑνέω; but we expect *δεν- (cf. μνάομαι).Page in Frisk: 1,237Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βῑνέω
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17 λαμβάνω
+ V 408-428-225-72-202=1335 Gn 2,15.21.22.23; 3,6to take [τι] Gn 2,21; id. [τινα] Gn 2,15; to take [τινος] Gn 3,6; id. [ἀπό τινος] Ex 12,7; to take away, to remove [τι] 2 Chr 16,2; to take away [τινα] 2 Kgs 2,5to take by violence, to carry off as booty [τι] Jos 11,19; to take by violence, to take captive [τινα] Jgs 8,16; to capture (a city) [τι] 1 Chr 11,8; to take up, to carry away [τινα] (of storm) Is 41,16to take hold of, to seize [τινα] (of pains) Ex 15,14; to attack [τινα] (of sudden pain) 2 Mc 9,5; to catch, to overtake [τινα] (of sleep) DnLXX 4,33bto get, to receive [τι] Lv 25,36; id. [abs.] Hab 1,3; id. [τινα] Ps 48(49),16; to take from, to accept from [τι παρά τινος] Gn 23,13; to gain, to win (virtue)[τι] Zech 6,13; to receive (for money), to buy [τι] Dt 2,6, cpr. Ez 29,14, Jos 11,19; to take up, to pronounce [τι] Mi 2,4to take up, to pronounce [τι] Mi 2,4; to incur [τι] Lv 5,1; to levy, to impose [τι] 1 Mc 3,31; to choose, to select [τινα] Nm 8,6; to take, to choose 2 Mc 8,7; to fetch, to find [τινα] 2 Kgs 3,15; to take as [τινα+pred.] Lv 18,18; to take sb for [τινα εἴς τινα] Gn 43,18; id. [τινα εἴς τι] 1 Mc 14,5οὐ λήμψεται μάχαιραν he shall not draw the sword Is 2,4; ἔλαβεν Ααρων τὴν Ελισαβεθ αὐτῷ γυναῖκα Aaron took Elisabeth as his wife Ex 6,23; ἔλαβον αὐτὴν ἐμαυτῷ εἰς γυναῖκα I took her as my wife Gn 12,19; ἧς οὐχὶ πεῖραν ἔλαβεν ὁ ποὺς αὐτῆς βαίνειν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς whose foot has not yet attempted or tried to go upon the earth Dt 28,56; ἐὰν λάβῃς τὸν συλλογισμὸν τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ if you should take account of the children of Israel, if you should count the children of Israel Ex 30,12; πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν λαβόντας keeping or bearing in mind 2 Mc 8,17; οὐκ ἔλαβεν συντέλειαν it is not finished 1 Ezr 6,19; λημψόμεθα τὴν ἐκδίκησιν ἡμῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ we shall take our vengeance on him, we shall avenge ourselves on him Jer 20,10; λήμψονται τὴν κόλασιν αὐτῶν περὶ πάντων, ὧν ἐποίησαν they shall receive or bear their punishment for all the things they have done, they shall be punished for all the things they have done Ez 43,11; οὐ λήμψῃ πρόσωπον πτωχοῦ you shall not take the poor into consideration, you shall not show partiality towards the poor, you shall not favour the person of the poor Lv 19,15; ὅταν λάβω καιρόν whenever I seize the opportunity, whenever I take a set time Ps 74(75),3; πᾶς, ὂς ἂν λάψῃ τῇ γλώσσῃ αὐτοῦ ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος whosoever shall lap of the water with his tongue Jgs 7,5; δεξιὰς λαβεῖν to take the right hand, to shake hands, to pledge friendship 1 Mc 13,50; ἔλαβεν ἐν γαστρὶ Ρεβεκκα Rebecca became pregnant, Rebecca conceived Gn 25,21; τὰ πρόβατα ἐ̓ν γαστρὶ λαμβάνοντα the sheep carrying their young, the sheep that had conceived in the belly, the pregnant sheep Gn 30,41; ἔλαβεν ἐπὶ ματαίῳ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ he lifted up his soul to vanity, he desired vanity Ps 23(24),4; ἑώρα ἀδύνατον εἶναι τὸν Σιμωνα παῦλαν οὐ λημψόμενον τῆς ἀνοίας he saw that it was impossible that Simon would leave or abandon his folly 2 Mc 4,6; τὸν δὲ ἀγορασμὸν τῆς σιτοδοσίας τοῦ οἴκου ὑμῶν λαβόντες ἀπέλθατε go away with the sale of your house’s grain Gn 42,33; λαβόντες χρόνον at the appointed time 1 Ezr 9,12*1 Chr 24,31 ἔλαβον they received corr. ἔβαλον for MT ויפילו they cast (lots), cpr. 1 Sm 14,42, Est 3,7, Neh 11,1; *Jer 23,39 ἐγὼ λαμβάνω I (will) take, seize-אתישׂנ for MT יתישׁנ I will forget, cpr. Ez 39,26;*Zph 3,18 τίς ἔλαβεν who took-אשׂנ מי? ⋄אשׂנ for MT אתשׂמ the burden (of)?; *Jb 38,14 ἦ σὺ λαβών did you take-שׂהתתפ ⋄שׂתפ? for MT תתהפך ⋄הפך did it changeCf. HARL 1991=1992a 152-153; HARLÉ 1988 99.166-167; HELBING 1928, 53; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 245;MARGOLIS, M. 1906a=1972 71-74; →TWNT(→ἀναλαμβάνω, ἀντιλαμβάνω, ἀπολαμβάνω, διαλαμβάνω, ἐκλαμβάνω, ἐπιλαμβάνω, ἐπικαταλαμβάνω, καταλαμβάνω, μεταλαμβάνω, παραλαμβάνω, περιλαμβάνω, προλαμβάνω, προκαταλαμβάνω, προσλαμβάνω, συλλαμβάνω, συμπαραλαμβάνω, συμπεριλαμβάνω, συναντι-, ὑπολαμβάνω,,) -
18 παροινέω
Aἐπαρῴνουν D.23.114
,54.4, Men.Pk. 410 : [tense] aor.ἐπαρῴνησα X.An.5.8.4
, PSI4.352.6 (iii B. C.), Luc. Symp.2 : [tense] pf.πεπαρῴνηκα Henioch.5.18
, Aeschin. 2.154 ( παρῴνηκα dub. in Phld.Mort.38):—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.ἐπαρῳνήθην D.22.63
: [tense] pf.πεπαρῴνημαι PCair.Zen. 288
(iii B. C.). Luc.JTr.14, cf. Moer.p.332 P.: used only in Com. and Prose:—behave ill at wine, play drunken tricks, Ar.Ec. 143, Antipho 4.1.7, Lys.3.19, etc. ;οὐ νήφοντα δεῖ παροινεῖν Antiph.40.2
;οὐχ οἱ σφόδρα μεφύοντες παροινοῦσιν, ἀλλ' οἱ ἀκροθώρακες Arist.Pr. 871a8
, cf. 875a29, X.l.c. ; εἴς τινα towards one, Ar.Fr. 249 (prob.), Antipho 4.1.6, D.54.4 : so, generally, insult, maltreat, PEleph. 12.2(iii B. C.), LXX Is.41.12;εἰς ἱκέτας Phld. Ir.p.35
W.;εἰς αὑτόν D.23.114
; revile, abuse,εἰς τοὺς τετελευτηκότας Stob.4.57
tit.:—[voice] Pass.,π. εἰς τὸ σῶμα Phalar.Ep. 121.3
.II trans., treat with drunken violence, PSIl. c.:—[voice] Pass., to be so treated, D.19.198 ;ὑπό τινων Id.54.5
.2 generally, maltreat, do violence to,λῃσταὶ παροινήσαντες ἡμᾶς PCair.Zen. 659.5
(iii B. C.), cf. D.S. 28.5 :—[voice] Pass., to be insulted, PCair.Zen.288, 462.8(iii B.C.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παροινέω
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19 ἐξυβρίζω
A break out into insolence, wax wanton, Pherecyd.Syr.5, Hdt.4.146,7.5;εὐπραγίαις Th.1.84
;ὑπὸ πλούτου X.Cyr.8.6.1
; ἐ. ἐς τόδε come to this pitch of insolence, Th.3.39: with neut. Adj. or Pron., παντοῖα ἐ. commit all kinds of violence or extravagance, Hdt.3.126;τάδ' ἐ. S.El. 293
;ἐ. πλείω περὶ τοὺς θεούς Lys.2.9
;τι εἴς τινα Luc. Fug.18
;εἴς τινα Plu.Phoc.2
, Eus.Mynd.54, Ant.Lib.21.3.2 c. acc. pers., treat with insolence or violence, Id.12.2; alsoἐ. τοὺς ἔρωτας Conon 24.2
:—[voice] Pass.,ἡ πόλις ὑφ' ὑμῶν -ίζετο Hyp.Phil.9
; τὰ -ισμένα despised things, Longin.43.5.II of the body, break out from high feeding, Pl.Lg. 691c; of plants, to be over-luxuriant, Arist. GA 725b35, Thphr.CP2.16.8;ὥσπερ ἐξυβρίσαντα τὸν δῆμον ἀναφῦσαι πλῆθος συκοφαντῶν Plu.Arist.26
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξυβρίζω
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20 ὕβρις
ὕβρις [ῠ by nature, [pron. full] ῡ by position in [dialect] Ep. etc.], ἡ, gen. εως Ar.Lys. 425, Th. 465 (lyr.), εος Id.Pl. 1044, Eub.67.9, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ιος Hes.Op. 217, Hdt.1.189:—A wanton violence, arising from the pride of strength or from passion, insolence, freq. in Od., mostly of the suitors,μνηστήρων, τῶν ὕ. τε βίη τε σιδήρεον οὐρανὸν ἵκει 15.329
, 17.565;μνηστῆρες ὑπέρβιον ὕ. ἔχοντες 1.368
, 4.321;λίην γὰρ ἀτάσθαλον ὕ. ἔχουσι 16.86
, cf.Alc.Supp.27.10;ὕβρει εἴξαντες Od.14.262
, 17.431; θεοὶ.. ἀνθρώπων ὕβριν τε καὶ εὐνομίην ἐφορῶντες ib. 487; l.c., cf. Archil.88, IG12.394 (vi B. C.), 42(1).122.98 (Epid., iv B. C.); joined with ὀλιγωρίη, Hdt.1.106;δυσσεβίας μὲν ὕβρις τέκος A.Eu. 533
(lyr.);ἐπιθυμίας.. ἀρξάσης ἐν ἡμῖν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὕ. ἐπωνομάσθη Pl.Phdr. 238a
; in Poets freq. joined with κόρος (v. κόρος (A) 2): predicated of actions,ἆρ' οὐχ ὕβρις τάδ'; S.OC 883
;ταῦτ' οὐχ ὕβρις δῆτ' ἐστίν; Ar.Nu. 1299
, cf. Ra.21, Pl. 886;ὕβρις τάδ' ἐστί, κρείσσω δαιμόνων εἶναι θέλειν E.Hipp. 474
; ὕβρει in wantonness or insolence, S.El. 881, Pl.Ap. 26e; , D.21.38, PCair.Zen.462.9 (iii B. C.), etc.;δι' ὕβριν D.21.42
;διὰ τὴν ὕ. X.HG2.2.10
;πρὸς ὕβριν Plu. Alc.37
, etc.2 lust, lewdness, opp. σωφροσύνη, Thgn.379, X.Cyr. 8.4.14.3 of animals, violence, Hdt.1.189;ὕβρις ὀρθία κνωδάλων Pi.P.10.36
, cf. N.1.50 (v.ὑβρίζω 1.2
);ἡ ἐκ τοῦ χαλινοῦ ὕ. D.Chr.63.5
.II = ὕβρισμα, an outrage (though it is freq. difficult to separate this concrete sense from the abstract), Il.1.203, 214;ὕβριν τεῖσαι Od. 24.352
;ὑπὸ γυναικὸς ἄρχεσθαι ὕ. ἐσχάτη Democr.111
, cf. Xenoph.1.17: sts., like ὑβρίζω, folld. by a Prep., Ἥρας μητέρ' εἰς ἐμὴν ὕβρις her outrage towards.., E.Ba.9; ἡ κατ' Ἀργείων (- ους codd.Priscian.)ὕ. S.Fr. 368
;ἡ πρὸς τοὺς δημότας ὕ. Hdn.2.4.1
: c. gen. objecti, ὕ. τινός towards him, Id.1.8.4, etc.: pl., wanton acts, outrages, Hes.Op. 146, E.Ba. 247, HF 741, Pl.Lg. 884a, etc.:—for ὕβριν ὑβρίζειν, cf.ὑβρίζω 11.2
.2 an outrage on the person, esp. violation, rape, Pi.P.2.28, Lys. 1.2, etc.;παίδων ὕβρεις καὶ γυναικῶν αἰσχύνας Isoc.4.114
, cf. Plb.6.8.5;τὴν ὕ. τὴν εἰς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα Aeschin.1.116
; τὴν τοῦ σώματος ὕβριν πεπρακώς ib.188; so τὸ σῶμα ἐφ' ὕβρει πεπρακώς ib.29;γυναῖκας ἤγαγε δεῦρ' ἐφ' ὕβρει D.19.309
; .3 in Law, a term covering all the more serious injuries done to the person, Isoc.20.2, Aeschin. 1.15, D.37.33, 45.4; see esp. D.21 (against Meidias); ὁ τῆς ὕβρεως νόμος ib.35 (the text is given ib.47);δίκη ὕβρεως ἢ πληγῶν PHal.1.115
(iii B. C.), cf. PHib.1.32.8 (iii B. C.), etc.III used of a loss by sea, Pi. (v. ναυσίστονος), Act.Ap.27.21.B as masc., = ὑβριστής, a violent, overbearing man,κακῶν ῥεκτῆρα καὶ ὕβριν ἀνέρα Hes.Op. 191
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